iconv命令可以将一种已知的字符集文件转换成另一种已知的字符集文件。
例如：从gb2312转换为utf-8。

用法：iconv[选项...][文件...]
convertencodingofgivenfilesfromoneencodingtoanother.
输入/输出格式规范：
-f,--from-code=name原始文本编码
-t,--to-code=name输出编码
信息：
-l,--list列举所有已知的字符集
输出控制：
-c从输出中忽略无效的字符
-o,--output=file输出文件
-s,--silentsuppresswarnings
--verbose打印进度信息
-?,--help给出该系统求助列表
--usage给出简要的用法信息
-v,--version打印程序版本号
mandatoryoroptionalargumentstolongoptionsarealsomandatoryoroptional
foranycorrespondingshortoptions.
用“glibcbug”脚本将错误报告给<bugs@gnu.org>。

所有已知的字符集：
437,500,500v1,850,851,852,855,856,857,860,861,862,863,864,865,
866,866nav,869,874,904,1026,1046,1047,8859_1,8859_2,8859_3,8859_4,
8859_5,8859_6,8859_7,8859_8,8859_9,10646-1:1993,10646-1:1993/ucs4,
ansi_x3.4-1968,ansi_x3.4-1986,ansi_x3.4,ansi_x3.110-1983,ansi_x3.110,
arabic,arabic7,armscii-8,ascii,asmo-708,asmo_449,baltic,big-5,
big-five,big5-hkscs,big5,big5hkscs,bigfive,bs_4730,ca,cn-big5,cn-gb,
cn,cp-ar,cp-gr,cp-hu,cp037,cp038,cp273,cp274,cp275,cp278,cp280,
cp281,cp282,cp284,cp285,cp290,cp297,cp367,cp420,cp423,cp424,cp437,
cp500,cp737,cp775,cp813,cp819,cp850,cp851,cp852,cp855,cp856,cp857,
cp860,cp861,cp862,cp863,cp864,cp865,cp866,cp866nav,cp868,cp869,
cp870,cp871,cp874,cp875,cp880,cp891,cp903,cp904,cp905,cp912,cp915,
cp916,cp918,cp920,cp922,cp930,cp932,cp933,cp935,cp936,cp937,cp939,
cp949,cp950,cp1004,cp1026,cp1046,cp1047,cp1070,cp1079,cp1081,cp1084,
cp1089,cp1124,cp1125,cp1129,cp1132,cp1133,cp1160,cp1161,cp1162,
cp1163,cp1164,cp1250,cp1251,cp1252,cp1253,cp1254,cp1255,cp1256,
cp1257,cp1258,cp1361,cp10007,cpibm861,csa7-1,csa7-2,csascii,
csa_t500-1983,csa_t500,csa_z243.4-1985-1,csa_z243.4-1985-2,
csa_z243.419851,csa_z243.419852,csdecmcs,csebcdicatde,csebcdicatdea,
csebcdiccafr,csebcdicdkno,csebcdicdknoa,csebcdices,csebcdicesa,
csebcdicess,csebcdicfise,csebcdicfisea,csebcdicfr,csebcdicit,csebcdicpt,
csebcdicuk,csebcdicus,cseuckr,cseucpkdfmtjapanese,csgb2312,cshproman8,
csibm037,csibm038,csibm273,csibm274,csibm275,csibm277,csibm278,
csibm280,csibm281,csibm284,csibm285,csibm290,csibm297,csibm420,
csibm423,csibm424,csibm500,csibm851,csibm855,csibm856,csibm857,
csibm860,csibm863,csibm864,csibm865,csibm866,csibm868,csibm869,
csibm870,csibm871,csibm880,csibm891,csibm903,csibm904,csibm905,
csibm918,csibm922,csibm930,csibm932,csibm933,csibm935,csibm937,
csibm939,csibm943,csibm1026,csibm1124,csibm1129,csibm1132,csibm1133,
csibm1160,csibm1161,csibm1163,csibm1164,csibm11621162,
csiso4unitedkingdom,csiso10swedish,csiso11swedishfornames,
csiso14jisc6220ro,csiso15italian,csiso16portugese,csiso17spanish,
csiso18greek7old,csiso19latingreek,csiso21german,csiso25french,
csiso27latingreek1,csiso49inis,csiso50inis8,csiso51iniscyrillic,
csiso58gb1988,csiso60danishnorwegian,csiso60norwegian1,csiso61norwegian2,
csiso69french,csiso84portuguese2,csiso85spanish2,csiso86hungarian,
csiso88greek7,csiso89asmo449,csiso90,csiso92jisc62991984b,csiso99naplps,
csiso103t618bit,csiso111ecmacyrillic,csiso121canadian1,csiso122canadian2,
csiso139csn369103,csiso141jusib1002,csiso143iecp271,csiso150,
csiso150greekccitt,csiso151cuba,csiso153gost1976874,csiso646danish,
csiso2022cn,csiso2022jp,csiso2022jp2,csiso2022kr,csiso2033,
csiso5427cyrillic,csiso5427cyrillic1981,csiso5428greek,csiso10367box,
csisolatin1,csisolatin2,csisolatin3,csisolatin4,csisolatin5,csisolatin6,
csisolatinarabic,csisolatincyrillic,csisolatingreek,csisolatinhebrew,
cskoi8r,csksc5636,csmacintosh,csnatsdano,csnatssefi,csn_369103,
cspc8codepage437,cspc775baltic,cspc850multilingual,cspc862latinhebrew,
cspcp852,csshiftjis,csucs4,csunicode,cuba,cwi-2,cwi,cyrillic,de,
dec-mcs,dec,decmcs,din_66003,dk,ds2089,ds_2089,e13b,ebcdic-at-de-a,
ebcdic-at-de,ebcdic-be,ebcdic-br,ebcdic-ca-fr,ebcdic-cp-ar1,
ebcdic-cp-ar2,ebcdic-cp-be,ebcdic-cp-ca,ebcdic-cp-ch,ebcdic-cp-dk,
ebcdic-cp-es,ebcdic-cp-fi,ebcdic-cp-fr,ebcdic-cp-gb,ebcdic-cp-gr,
ebcdic-cp-he,ebcdic-cp-is,ebcdic-cp-it,ebcdic-cp-nl,ebcdic-cp-no,
ebcdic-cp-roece,ebcdic-cp-se,ebcdic-cp-tr,ebcdic-cp-us,ebcdic-cp-wt,
ebcdic-cp-yu,ebcdic-cyrillic,ebcdic-dk-no-a,ebcdic-dk-no,ebcdic-es-a,
ebcdic-es-s,ebcdic-es,ebcdic-fi-se-a,ebcdic-fi-se,ebcdic-fr,
ebcdic-greek,ebcdic-int,ebcdic-int1,ebcdic-is-friss,ebcdic-it,
ebcdic-jp-e,ebcdic-jp-kana,ebcdic-pt,ebcdic-uk,ebcdic-us,ebcdicatde,
ebcdicatdea,ebcdiccafr,ebcdicdkno,ebcdicdknoa,ebcdices,ebcdicesa,
ebcdicess,ebcdicfise,ebcdicfisea,ebcdicfr,ebcdicisfriss,ebcdicit,
ebcdicpt,ebcdicuk,ebcdicus,ecma-114,ecma-118,ecma-128,ecma-cyrillic,
ecmacyrillic,elot_928,es,es2,euc-cn,euc-jisx0213,euc-jp,euc-kr,
euc-tw,euccn,eucjp,euckr,euctw,fi,fr,gb,gb2312,gb13000,gb18030,
gbk,gb_1988-80,gb_198880,georgian-academy,georgian-ps,gost_19768-74,
gost_19768,gost_1976874,greek-ccitt,greek,greek7-old,greek7,greek7old,
greek8,greekccitt,hebrew,hp-roman8,hproman8,hu,ibm-856,ibm-922,
ibm-930,ibm-932,ibm-933,ibm-935,ibm-937,ibm-939,ibm-943,ibm-1046,
ibm-1124,ibm-1129,ibm-1132,ibm-1133,ibm-1160,ibm-1161,ibm-1162,
ibm-1163,ibm-1164,ibm037,ibm038,ibm256,ibm273,ibm274,ibm275,ibm277,
ibm278,ibm280,ibm281,ibm284,ibm285,ibm290,ibm297,ibm367,ibm420,
ibm423,ibm424,ibm437,ibm500,ibm775,ibm813,ibm819,ibm848,ibm850,
ibm851,ibm852,ibm855,ibm856,ibm857,ibm860,ibm861,ibm862,ibm863,
ibm864,ibm865,ibm866,ibm866nav,ibm868,ibm869,ibm870,ibm871,ibm874,
ibm875,ibm880,ibm891,ibm903,ibm904,ibm905,ibm912,ibm915,ibm916,
ibm918,ibm920,ibm922,ibm930,ibm932,ibm933,ibm935,ibm937,ibm939,
ibm943,ibm1004,ibm1026,ibm1046,ibm1047,ibm1089,ibm1124,ibm1129,
ibm1132,ibm1133,ibm1160,ibm1161,ibm1162,ibm1163,ibm1164,iec_p27-1,
iec_p271,inis-8,inis-cyrillic,inis,inis8,iniscyrillic,isiri-3342,
isiri3342,iso-2022-cn-ext,iso-2022-cn,iso-2022-jp-2,iso-2022-jp-3,
iso-2022-jp,iso-2022-kr,iso-8859-1,iso-8859-2,iso-8859-3,iso-8859-4,
iso-8859-5,iso-8859-6,iso-8859-7,iso-8859-8,iso-8859-9,iso-8859-10,
iso-8859-11,iso-8859-13,iso-8859-14,iso-8859-15,iso-8859-16,iso-10646,
iso-10646/ucs2,iso-10646/ucs4,iso-10646/utf-8,iso-10646/utf8,iso-celtic,
iso-ir-4,iso-ir-6,iso-ir-8-1,iso-ir-9-1,iso-ir-10,iso-ir-11,iso-ir-14,
iso-ir-15,iso-ir-16,iso-ir-17,iso-ir-18,iso-ir-19,iso-ir-21,iso-ir-25,
iso-ir-27,iso-ir-37,iso-ir-49,iso-ir-50,iso-ir-51,iso-ir-54,iso-ir-55,
iso-ir-57,iso-ir-60,iso-ir-61,iso-ir-69,iso-ir-84,iso-ir-85,iso-ir-86,
iso-ir-88,iso-ir-89,iso-ir-90,iso-ir-92,iso-ir-98,iso-ir-99,iso-ir-100,
iso-ir-101,iso-ir-103,iso-ir-109,iso-ir-110,iso-ir-111,iso-ir-121,
iso-ir-122,iso-ir-126,iso-ir-127,iso-ir-138,iso-ir-139,iso-ir-141,
iso-ir-143,iso-ir-144,iso-ir-148,iso-ir-150,iso-ir-151,iso-ir-153,
iso-ir-155,iso-ir-156,iso-ir-157,iso-ir-166,iso-ir-179,iso-ir-193,
iso-ir-197,iso-ir-199,iso-ir-203,iso-ir-209,iso-ir-226,iso646-ca,
iso646-ca2,iso646-cn,iso646-cu,iso646-de,iso646-dk,iso646-es,
iso646-es2,iso646-fi,iso646-fr,iso646-fr1,iso646-gb,iso646-hu,
iso646-it,iso646-jp-ocr-b,iso646-jp,iso646-kr,iso646-no,iso646-no2,
iso646-pt,iso646-pt2,iso646-se,iso646-se2,iso646-us,iso646-yu,
iso2022cn,iso2022cnext,iso2022jp,iso2022jp2,iso2022kr,iso6937,
iso8859-1,iso8859-2,iso8859-3,iso8859-4,iso8859-5,iso8859-6,iso8859-7,
iso8859-8,iso8859-9,iso8859-10,iso8859-11,iso8859-13,iso8859-14,
iso8859-15,iso8859-16,iso88591,iso88592,iso88593,iso88594,iso88595,
iso88596,iso88597,iso88598,iso88599,iso885910,iso885911,iso885913,
iso885914,iso885915,iso885916,iso_646.irv:1991,iso_2033-1983,iso_2033,
iso_5427-ext,iso_5427,iso_5427:1981,iso_5427ext,iso_5428,iso_5428:1980,
iso_6937-2,iso_6937-2:1983,iso_6937,iso_6937:1992,iso_8859-1,
iso_8859-1:1987,iso_8859-2,iso_8859-2:1987,iso_8859-3,iso_8859-3:1988,
iso_8859-4,iso_8859-4:1988,iso_8859-5,iso_8859-5:1988,iso_8859-6,
iso_8859-6:1987,iso_8859-7,iso_8859-7:1987,iso_8859-8,iso_8859-8:1988,
iso_8859-9,iso_8859-9:1989,iso_8859-10,iso_8859-10:1992,iso_8859-14,
iso_8859-14:1998,iso_8859-15:1998,iso_9036,iso_10367-box,iso_10367box,
iso_69372,it,jis_c6220-1969-ro,jis_c6229-1984-b,jis_c62201969ro,
jis_c62291984b,johab,jp-ocr-b,jp,js,jus_i.b1.002,koi-7,koi-8,koi8-r,
koi8-t,koi8-u,koi8,koi8r,koi8u,ksc5636,l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6,l7,l8,
l10,latin-greek-1,latin-greek,latin1,latin2,latin3,latin4,latin5,
latin6,latin7,latin8,latin10,latingreek,latingreek1,mac-cyrillic,
mac-is,mac-sami,mac-uk,mac,maccyrillic,macintosh,macis,macuk,
macukrainian,ms-ansi,ms-arab,ms-cyrl,ms-ee,ms-greek,ms-hebr,
ms-mac-cyrillic,ms-turk,mscp949,mscp1361,msmaccyrillic,msz_7795.3,
ms_kanji,naplps,nats-dano,nats-sefi,natsdano,natssefi,nc_nc0010,
nc_nc00-10,nc_nc00-10:81,nf_z_62-010,nf_z_62-010_(1973),nf_z_62-010_1973,
nf_z_62010,nf_z_62010_1973,no,no2,ns_4551-1,ns_4551-2,ns_45511,
ns_45512,os2latin1,osf00010001,osf00010002,osf00010003,osf00010004,
osf00010005,osf00010006,osf00010007,osf00010008,osf00010009,osf0001000a,
osf00010020,osf00010100,osf00010101,osf00010102,osf00010104,osf00010105,
osf00010106,osf00030010,osf0004000a,osf0005000a,osf05010001,osf100201a4,
osf100201a8,osf100201b5,osf100201f4,osf100203b5,osf1002011c,osf1002011d,
osf1002035d,osf1002035e,osf1002035f,osf1002036b,osf1002037b,osf10010001,
osf10020025,osf10020111,osf10020115,osf10020116,osf10020118,osf10020122,
osf10020129,osf10020352,osf10020354,osf10020357,osf10020359,osf10020360,
osf10020364,osf10020365,osf10020366,osf10020367,osf10020370,osf10020387,
osf10020388,osf10020396,osf10020402,osf10020417,pt,pt2,r8,roman8,
ruscii,se,se2,sen_850200_b,sen_850200_c,shift-jis,shift_jis,
shift_jisx0213,sjis,ss636127,st_sev_358-88,t.61-8bit,t.61,t.618bit,
tcvn-5712,tcvn,tcvn5712-1,tcvn5712-1:1993,tis-620,tis620-0,
tis620.2529-1,tis620.2533-0,tis620,ts-5881,tscii,ucs-2,ucs-2be,
ucs-2le,ucs-4,ucs-4be,ucs-4le,ucs2,ucs4,uhc,ujis,uk,unicode,
unicodebig,unicodelittle,us-ascii,us,utf-7,utf-8,utf-16,utf-16be,
utf-16le,utf-32,utf-32be,utf-32le,utf7,utf8,utf16,utf16be,utf16le,
utf32,utf32be,utf32le,viscii,wchar_t,win-sami-2,winbaltrim,
windows-1250,windows-1251,windows-1252,windows-1253,windows-1254,
windows-1255,windows-1256,windows-1257,windows-1258,winsami2,ws2,yu


指令：
#iconv-fgb2312-tutf-8gb1.txt>gb2.txt　将gb1里的编码从gb2312转化成utf-8并重定向到gb2.txt