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初中英语语法:各类构词法一览

编辑:chaxungu时间:2022-10-13 03:56:54分类:英语技巧

前缀        例词    派生词
un- “不”     happy   unhappy
         like     unlike
         usual    unusual
         friendly   unfriendly

im-“不”     possible  impossible

后缀        例词    派生词
-er“人”     teach   teacher
         play    player
         clean   cleaner
         drive    driver(以e结尾,-r)
         run     runner(重读闭音节,双写-er)
         win     winner
         travel    traveller
-or“人”     invent    inventor
         visit     visitor

-ly(副词后缀)   bad     badly
         quick    quickly
         careful   carefully
         happy   happily
         deep    deeply
         lucky     luckily
         usual    usually
         noisy    noisily
         slow    slowly
         angry    angrily
         strong   strongly
         quiet    quietly
      特例:true     truly
         terrible   terribly
         possible possibly

-ful(形容词后缀) care    careful
         help    helpful
         use     useful
         forget   forgetful

-y (形容词后缀)rain     rainy
         luck     lucky
         cloud    cloudy
         noise    noisy(以e结尾,去e,加-y)
         snow    snowy
         sun     sunny (双写,加-y)
         wind     windy

-ion(名词后缀) invent    invention
         operate   operation

-ness(名词后缀) busy    business
         good    goodness

一些特例:
动词---形容词  
sleep   asleep
die    dead
enjoy   enjoyable

动词---现在分词转化为名词
boat    boating
build   building
begin   beginning
cross    crossing
meet    meeting
turn    turning

名词---形容词
friend   friendly
south   southern
wool    woolen
danger  dangerous
difference different
fry    fried
worry    worried

动词---过去分词转为形容词
break   broken
lose   lost
please   pleased
colour   coloured

动词---名词
know   knowledge
fly     flight
please  pleasure

名词---名词
farm   farmer 农夫

动词---现在分词、过去分词转为形容词
follow   following
interest   interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语,仅用于be interested in
     interesting “有趣的” 可作表语和定语
develop  developed “发达的”
     developing “发展中的”