(1)18
-(10
+6.47)(2)5
×45+45×3.6+45×120%(3)3
-(1
+
÷1
)×1
(4)3.8-2
÷[(3.2-1
)×
](5)19.99+1.999×990
(6)0.378×76000-378×66+84×378+37.8×60
(7)(1
+2
+3
+1
)×(1-
) (8)0.24÷[(8.8-6
)÷1
]+
.解:(1)18
-(10
+6.47),=18
-10
-6.47,=8-6.47,
=1.53;
(2)5
×45+45×3.6+45×120%,=(5
+3.6+120%)×45,=(5.2+3.6+1.2)×45,
=10×45,
=450;
(3)3
-(1
+
÷1
)×1
,=3
-(1
+
×
)×1
,=3
-(1
+
)×1
,=3
-
×
,=3
-
,=
;(4)3.8-2
÷[(3.2-1
)×
],=3.8-2
÷[(3
-1
)×
],=3.8-2
÷[
×
],=3.8-2
÷
,=3.8-
×
,=3.8-2.1,
=1.7;
(5)19.99+1.999×990,
=1.999×10+1.999×990,
=1.999×(10+990),
=1.999×1000,
=1999;
(6)0.378×76000-378×66+84×378+37.8×60,
=378×76-378×66+84×378+378×6,
=378×(76-66+84+6),
=378×100,
=37800;
(7)(1
+2
+3
+1
)×(1-
),=[(1
+3
)+(2
+1
)]×(1-
),=[5+4]×
,=9×
,=
;(8)0.24÷[(8.8-6
)÷1
]+
,=
÷[(8
-6
)÷1
]+
,=
÷[
×
]+
,=
÷
+
,=
×
+
,=
+
,=
.分析:(1)运用后减法的性质简算;
(2)运用乘法分配律简算,同时注意数字转化;
(3)先算小括号内的除法,再算小括号内的加法,然后算括号外的乘法,最后算减法;
(4)先算小括号内的,再算中括号内的,然后算括号外的除法,最后算减法;
(5)根据数字特点,原式变为1.999×10+1.999×990,运用乘法分配律简算;
(6)根据数字特点,原式变为378×76-378×66+84×378+378×6,运用乘法分配律简算;
(7)第一个括号内运用加法交换律与结合律简算,同时计算第二个括号内的数据,最后算乘法;
(8)先算小括号内的,再算中括号内的,然后算括号外的除法,最后算加法.
点评:此题考查了小数、分数的四则混合运算,注意运算顺序和运算法则,灵活运用所学的运算律简便计算.